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READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1–16, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

The history of ice cream


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Questions

Questions 1-8

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1–8 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1. The majority of ancient Greeks followed the advice of Hippocrates about cold foods.
2. Seneca had different reactions to Nero’s various uses of snow.
3. Many ancient Romans went to the mountains in the summer to eat ice cream.
4. The cold storage houses in Rome were generally built of frozen blocks of ice.
5. The buying and selling of snow and ice became a common international activity during Roman times.
6. Tang Dynasty Chinese preferred chilled desserts made from milk to those made only of snow and ice.
7. The freezing temperature of most types of milk made it easy to create frozen dairy desserts.
8. Salt was commonly used as a flavouring in ice creams in the past.
Questions 9-16

Complete the notes below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

The development of modern ice cream

Early publications about making ice cream

• 1530 – first known written references to ice cream
• 18th century
  – first book in English with 9 for ice cream was published in 1718
  – many different 10 were added to ice cream desserts

Notable consumers of ice cream

• it was once widely thought that ice cream was mostly eaten by the 11
• ice cream desserts were
  – created for French King Louis XV’s court
  – served at an important 12 for an American president

18th-century Naples, Italy

• lower-class people also enjoyed ice cream
• 13 of ice cream could be seen on the streets

Improvements in ice cream production

• before 1843, ice cream was not stirred while being frozen so it had an unpleasant 14
• Nancy Johnson invented a freezer which included a 15 to turn a cylinder
• 20th-century production methods allowed a reduction in the 16 of commercially sold ice cream